Research
Current research interests:
- Structural and metamorphic evolution of young orogenic belts (Alps, Pyrenees, Cyclades)
- Experimental petrology and mineral stability at high temperatures and pressures
- Thermodynamics of mixing and of order-disorder in rock-forming minerals
- Generating and maintaining a thermodynamic data base and software THERMOCALC, together with Roger Powell (University of Melbourne, Australia) for calculating phase equilibria and forward-modelling of mineral assemblages and reactions in metamorphic rocks. Eleanor Green has set up an excellent new resource website for THERMOCALC which can be found here
- Melting in crustal environments; thermodynamics of melts and prediction of melting relations
TJBH petrology software pages for
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Mult, AX, COH, HbPl, UnitCell, GtfO2, SpfO2, fO2melt, GtHbPl
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also for corrected 2018 (J Pet) melt model files, and 2021 (J Pet) peridotite melting files ** Updated 2025**
Petrological Phase Equilibrium Computations
Examples of calculated phase diagrams using THERMOCALC (high-P pelite, & mantle lherzolite melting)
Thermodynamic modelling of solid, melt and fluid solutions (combined with generation of thermodynamic data for minerals) is being used, via the software THERMOCALC, to develop complex phase equilibrium calculations for rocks. This is a collaborative project with Roger Powell (University of Melbourne). Other areas of current research effort are in metamorphism and structural geology of high pressure terrains.
** A new website hpxeosandthermocalc pulls together information on THERMOCALC and the thermodynamic data set.
Publications
Buick, I. S., & Holland, T. J. B. (1989). The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece. Geological Society Special Publication, 43, 365-369. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32
Holland, T. J. B., Green, E. C. R., & Powell, R. (2022). A thermodynamic model for feldspars in KAlSi<inf>3</inf>O<inf>8</inf>−NaAlSi<inf>3</inf>O<inf>8</inf>−CaAl<inf>2</inf>Si<inf>2</inf>O<inf>8</inf> for mineral equilibrium calculations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 40(4), 587-600. doi:10.1111/jmg.12639
Tomlinson, E. L., & Holland, T. J. B. (2021). Erratum: A thermodynamic model for the subsolidus evolution and melting of peridotite (Journal of Petrology (2021) (1-23) DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egab012). Journal of Petrology, 62(5). doi:10.1093/petrology/egab045
Tomlinson, E. L., & Holland, T. J. B. (2021). A Thermodynamic Model for the Subsolidus Evolution and Melting of Peridotite. Journal of Petrology, 62(1). doi:10.1093/petrology/egab012
Holland, T. J. B., & Redfern, S. A. T. (1997). Unit cell refinement from powder diffraction data: The use of regression diagnostics. MINERAL MAG, 61(1), 65-77.
Holland, T. J. B., Green, E. C. R., & Powell, R. (2018). Melting of peridotites through to granites: A simple thermodynamic model in the system KNCFMASHTOCr. Journal of Petrology, 59(5), 881-900. doi:10.1093/petrology/egy048
Jennings, E. S., Holland, T. J. B., Shorttle, O., Maclennan, J., & Gibson, S. A. (2016). The Composition of Melts from a Heterogeneous Mantle and the Origin of Ferropicrite: Application of a Thermodynamic Model. Journal of Petrology, 57(11&12), 2289-2310. doi:10.1093/petrology/egw065
Green, E. C. R., White, R. W., Diener, J. F. A., Powell, R., Holland, T. J. B., & Palin, R. M. (2016). Activity–composition relations for the calculation of partial melting equilibria in metabasic rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 34(9), 845-869. doi:10.1111/jmg.12211
Palin, R. M., White, R. W., Green, E. C. R., Diener, J. F. A., Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2016). High-grade metamorphism and partial melting of basic and intermediate rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 34(9), 871-892. doi:10.1111/jmg.12212
Miller, W. G. R., Holland, T. J. B., & Gibson, S. A. (2016). Garnet and spinel oxybarometers: New internally consistent multi-equilibria models with applications to the oxidation state of the lithospheric mantle. Journal of Petrology, 57(6), 1199-1222. doi:10.1093/petrology/egw037
Jennings, E. S., & Holland, T. J. B. (2015). A simple thermodynamic model for melting of peridotite in the system NCFMASOCr. Journal of Petrology, 56(5), 869-892. doi:10.1093/petrology/egv020
Green, E., Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2007). An order-disorder model for omphacitic pyroxenes in the system jadeite-diopside-hedenbergite-acmite, with applications to eclogitic rocks. American Mineralogist, 92, 1181-1189. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/339/
Powell, R., White, R. W., Green, E. C. R., Holland, T. J. B., & Diener, J. F. A. (2014). On parameterizing thermodynamic descriptions of minerals for petrological calculations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology.
White, R. W., Powell, R., Holland, T. J. B., Johnson, T. E., & Green, E. C. R. (2014). New mineral activity-composition relations for thermodynamic calculations in metapelitic systems. Journal of Metamorphic Geology.
Corona, J. C., Jenkins, D. M., & Holland, T. J. B. (2013). Constraints on the upper pressure stability of blueschist facies metamorphism along the reaction: Glaucophane = talc + 2 jadeite in the Na <inf>2</inf>O-MgO-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf>-H<inf>2</inf>O system. American Journal of Science, 313(10), 967-995. doi:10.2475/10.2013.01
Powell, R., White, R. W., Green, E. C. R., Holland, T. J. B., & Diener, J. F. A. (2014). On parameterizing thermodynamic descriptions of minerals for petrological calculations. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32(3), 245-260. doi:10.1111/jmg.12070
White, R. W., Powell, R., Holland, T. J. B., Johnson, T. E., & Green, E. C. R. (2014). New mineral activity-composition relations for thermodynamic calculations in metapelitic systems. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32(3), 261-286. doi:10.1111/jmg.12071
Holland, T. B., Hudson, N. F. C., Powell, R., & Harte, B. (2013). Newthermodynamic models and calculated phase equilibria in NCFMAS for basic and ultrabasic compositions through thetransition zone into the uppermost lower mantle. Journal of Petrology, 54(9), 1901-1920. doi:10.1093/petrology/egt035
Green, E. C. R., Holland, T. J. B., Powell, R., & White, R. W. (2012). Garnet and spinel lherzolite assemblages in MgO-Al <inf>2</inf>O <inf>3</inf>-SiO <inf>2</inf> and CaO-MgO-Al <inf>2</inf>O <inf>3</inf>-SiO <inf>2</inf>: Thermodynamic models and an experimental conflict. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30(6), 561-577. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2012.00981.x
Green, E. C. R., Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2012). A thermodynamic model for silicate melt in CaO-MgO-Al <inf>2</inf>O <inf>3</inf>-SiO <inf>2</inf> to 50kbar and 1800°C. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30(6), 579-597. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2012.00982.x
Green, E. C. R., Holland, T. J. B., Powell, R., & White, R. W. (2012). Garnet and spinel lherzolite assemblages in MgO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2 and CaO-MgO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2: Thermodynamic models and an experimental conflict. Journal of Metamorphic Geology.
Green, E. C. R., Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2012). A thermodynamic model for silicate melt in CaO-MgO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2 to 50kbar and 1800°C. Journal of Metamorphic Geology.
Smye, A. J., Bickle, M. J., Holland, T. J. B., Parrish, R. R., & Condon, D. J. (2011). Rapid formation and exhumation of the youngest Alpine eclogites: A thermal conundrum to Barrovian metamorphism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 306(3-4), 193-204. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.03.037
Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2011). An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest, involving a new equation of state for solids. J METAMORPH GEOL, 29(3), 333-383. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00923.x
Powell, R., & Holland, T. (2010). Using Equilibrium Thermodynamics to Understand Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks. Elements, 6, 309-314. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/1987/
Smye, A. J., Greenwood, L. V., & Holland, T. J. B. (2010). Garnet-chloritoid-kyanite assemblages: eclogite facies indicators of subduction constraints in orogenic belts.. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 28, 753-768. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00889.x
Evans, K. A., Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2010). Internally consistent data for sulphur-bearing phases and application to the construction of pseudosections for mafic greenschist facies rocks in Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2-O-S-H2O. J METAMORPH GEOL, 28(6), 667-687. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00890.x
White, R. W., Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2001). Calculation of partial melting equilibria in the system Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (NCKFMASH). J METAMORPH GEOL, 19(2), 139-153.
Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2008). On thermobarometry. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 26, 155-179. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/600/
Becker, J. A., Bickle, M. J., Galy, A., & Holland, T. J. B. (2008). Himalayan metamorphic CO2 fluxes: Quantitative constraints from hydrothermal springs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265, 616-629. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/139/
Becker, J. A., Bickle, M. J., Galy, A., & Holland, T. J. B. (2008). Himalayan metamorphic CO2 fluxes: Quantitative constraints from hydrothermal springs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265, 616-629. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/139/
Caddick, M. J., Bickle, M. J., Harris, N. B. W., Holland, T. J. B., Horstwood, M. S. A., Parrish, R. R., & Ahmad, T. (2007). Burial and exhumation history of a Lesser Himalayan schist: Recording the formation of an inverted metamorphic sequence in NW India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264, 375-390. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/178/
Holland, T. J. B., & Redfern, S. A. T. (1997). UNITCELL: A nonlinear least-squares program for cell-parameter refinement implementing regression and deletion diagnostics. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 30(1), 84. doi:10.1107/S0021889896011673
Dienier, J. F. A., Powell, R., White, R. W., & Holland, T. J. B. (2007). A new thermodynamic model for clino- and orthoamphiboles in the system Na2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-O. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 25, 631-656. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/246/
White, R. W., Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2007). Progress relating to calculation of partial melting equilibria for metapelites. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 25, 511-527. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/796/
HOLLAND, T. J. B., & RAY, N. J. (1985). GLAUCOPHANE AND PYROXENE BREAKDOWN REACTIONS IN THE PENNINE UNITS OF THE EASTERN ALPS. J METAMORPH GEOL, 3(4), 417-438.
HOLLAND, T. J. B., & POWELL, R. (1985). AN INTERNALLY CONSISTENT THERMODYNAMIC DATASET WITH UNCERTAINTIES AND CORRELATIONS .2. DATA AND RESULTS. J METAMORPH GEOL, 3(4), 343-370.
POWELL, R., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1985). AN INTERNALLY CONSISTENT THERMODYNAMIC DATASET WITH UNCERTAINTIES AND CORRELATIONS .1. METHODS AND A WORKED EXAMPLE. J METAMORPH GEOL, 3(4), 327-342.
POWELL, R., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1988). AN INTERNALLY CONSISTENT DATASET WITH UNCERTAINTIES AND CORRELATIONS .3. APPLICATIONS TO GEOBAROMETRY, WORKED EXAMPLES AND A COMPUTER-PROGRAM. J METAMORPH GEOL, 6(2), 173-204.
HOLLAND, T. J. B., & POWELL, R. (1990). AN ENLARGED AND UPDATED INTERNALLY CONSISTENT THERMODYNAMIC DATASET WITH UNCERTAINTIES AND CORRELATIONS - THE SYSTEM K2O-NA2O-CAO-MGO-MNO-FEO-FE2O3-AL2O3-TIO2-SIO2-C-H2-O2. J METAMORPH GEOL, 8(1), 89-124.
Caddick, M. J., Bickle, M. J., Harris, N. B. W., Holland, T. J. B., Horstwood, M. S. A., Parrish, R. R., & Ahmad, T. (2007). Burial and exhumation history of a Lesser Himalayan schist: Recording the formation of an inverted metamorphic sequence in NW India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264, 375-390. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/178/
Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2006). Mineral activity-composition relations and petrological calculations involving cation equipartition in multisite minerals: a logical inconsistency. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 24, 851-861. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/389/
Dale, J., Powell, R., White, R. W., Elmer, F. L., & Holland, T. J. B. (2005). A thermodynamic model for Ca-Na clinoamphiboles in Na2O-CaO-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-O for petrological calculations. J METAMORPH GEOL, 23(8), 771-791. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00609.x
Zeh, A., Holland, T. J. B., & Klemd, R. (2005). Phase relationships in grunerite-garnet-bearing amphibolites in the systemCFMASH, with applications to metamorphic rocks from the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa.. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 23, 1-17. Retrieved from http://publications.esc.cam.ac.uk:8080/1890/
Mahar, E. M., Baker, J. M., Powell, R., Holland, T. J. B., & Howell, N. (1997). The effect of Mn on mineral stability in metapelites. J METAMORPH GEOL, 15(2), 223-238.
Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (1998). An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest. J METAMORPH GEOL, 16(3), 309-343.
Kelsey, D. E., White, R. W., Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2004). Calculated phase equilibria in K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O for sapphirine-quartz-bearing mineral assemblages. J METAMORPH GEOL, 22(6), 559-578. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00533.x
Kelsey, D. E., White, R. W., Holland, T. J. B., & Powell, R. (2004). Calculated phase equilibria in. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 22(6), 559-578. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00533.x
Dale, J., & Holland, T. J. B. (2003). Geothermobarometry, P-T paths and metamorphic field gradients of high-pressure rocks from the Adula Nappe, Central Alps. J METAMORPH GEOL, 21(8), 813-829. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00483.x
Coggon, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2002). Mixing properties of phengitic micas and revised garnet-phengite thermobarometers. J METAMORPH GEOL, 20(7), 683-696.
White, R. W., Powell, R., Holland, T. J. B., & Worley, B. A. (2000). The effect of TiO2 and Fe2O3 on metapelitic assemblages at greenschist and amphibolite facies conditions: mineral equilibria calculations in the system K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-TiO2-Fe2O3. J METAMORPH GEOL, 18(5), 497-511.
White, R. W., Powell, R., & Holland, T. J. B. (2001). Calculation of partial melting equilibria in the system. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 19(2), 139-153. doi:10.1046/j.0263-4929.2000.00303.x
HARRIS, N. B. W., HOLLAND, T. J. B., & TINDLE, A. G. (1988). METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE 1985 TIBET GEOTRAVERSE, LHASA TO GOLMUD. PHILOS T ROY SOC A, 327(1594), 203-213.
Holland, T. J. B., Babu, E. V. S. S. K., & Waters, D. J. (1996). Phase relations of osumilite and dehydration melting in pelitic rocks: A simple thermodynamic model for the KFMASH system. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 124(3-4), 383-394.
Baker, J., & Holland, T. J. B. (1996). Experimental reversals of chlorite compositions in divariant MgO+Al2O3+SiO2+H2O assemblages. AM MINERAL, 81(5-6), 676-684.
Holland, T. J. B., Redfern, S. A. T., & Pawley, A. R. (1996). Volume behavior of hydrous minerals at high pressure and temperature .2. Compressibilities of lawsonite, zoisite, clinozoisite, and epidote. AM MINERAL, 81(3-4), 341-348.
Pawley, A. R., Redfern, S. A. T., & Holland, T. J. B. (1996). Volume behavior of hydrous minerals at high pressure and temperature .1. Thermal expansion of lawsonite, zoisite, clinozoisite, and diaspore. AM MINERAL, 81(3-4), 335-340.
Gavrieli, I., Matthews, A., & Holland, T. J. B. (1996). Ca-Mn exchange between grossular and MnCl2 solutions at 2 kbar and 600 degrees C: Reaction mechanism and evidence for non-ideal mixing in spessartine-grossular garnets. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 125(2-3), 251-262.
BAKER, J., HOLLAND, T. J. B., & POWELL, R. (1994). THE EFFECT OF TSCHERMAK SUBSTITUTION ON ASSEMBLAGES IN ALUMINOUS DOLOMITES. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 118(1), 48-59.
BLUNDY, J. D., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1992). CALCIC AMPHIBOLE EQUILIBRIA AND A NEW AMPHIBOLE-PLAGIOCLASE GEOTHERMOMETER - REPLY. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 111(2), 269-272.
BLUNDY, J. D., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1992). CALCIC AMPHIBOLE EQUILIBRIA AND A NEW AMPHIBOLE-PLAGIOCLASE GEOTHERMOMETER - REPLY. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 111(2), 278-282.
Blundy, J. D., & Holland, T. J. B. (1992). "Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer"-reply to the comment of Poli and Schmidt. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111(2), 278-282. doi:10.1007/BF00348961
Blundy, J. D., & Holland, T. J. B. (1992). "Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer": Reply to the comments of Hammarstrom and Zen, and Rutherford and Johnson. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111(2), 269-272. doi:10.1007/BF00348959
JENKINS, D. M., HOLLAND, T. J. B., & CLARE, A. K. (1991). EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF THE PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE STABILITY FIELD AND THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC TREMOLITE. AM MINERAL, 76(3-4), 458-469.
HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1990). ACTIVITIES OF COMPONENTS IN OMPHACITIC SOLID-SOLUTIONS - AN APPLICATION OF LANDAU THEORY TO MIXTURES. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 105(4), 446-453.
WILL, T. M., POWELL, R., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1990). A CALCULATED PETROGENETIC GRID FOR ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS IN THE SYSTEM CAO-FEO-MGO-AL2O3-SIO2-CO2-H2O AT LOW-PRESSURES. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 105(3), 347-358.
BLUNDY, J. D., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1990). CALCIC AMPHIBOLE EQUILIBRIA AND A NEW AMPHIBOLE-PLAGIOCLASE GEOTHERMOMEMETER. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 104(2), 208-224.
BAKER, J., BICKLE, M. J., BUICK, I. S., HOLLAND, T. J. B., & MATTHEWS, A. (1989). ISOTOPIC AND PETROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE INFILTRATION OF WATER-RICH FLUIDS DURING THE MIOCENE M2 METAMORPHISM ON NAXOS, GREECE. GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, 53(8), 2037-2050.
HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1989). DEPENDENCE OF ENTROPY ON VOLUME FOR SILICATE AND OXIDE MINERALS - A REVIEW AND A PREDICTIVE MODEL. AM MINERAL, 74(1-2), 5-13.
HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1988). PRELIMINARY PHASE-RELATIONS INVOLVING GLAUCOPHANE AND APPLICATIONS TO HIGH-PRESSURE PETROLOGY - NEW HEAT-CAPACITY AND THERMODYNAMIC DATA. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 99(1), 134-142.
PUTNIS, A., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1986). SECTOR TRILLING IN CORDIERITE AND EQUILIBRIUM OVERSTEPPING IN METAMORPHISM. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 93(2), 265-272.
HOLLAND, T. J. B., & CARPENTER, M. A. (1986). ALUMINUM SILICON DISORDERING AND MELTING IN SILLIMANITE AT HIGH-PRESSURES. NATURE, 320(6058), 151-153.
HARRIS, N. B. W., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1984). THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CORDIERITE HYPERSTHENE ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE BEITBRIDGE REGION OF THE CENTRAL LIMPOPO BELT - EVIDENCE FOR RAPID DECOMPRESSION IN THE ARCHEAN. AM MINERAL, 69(11-1), 1036-1049.
Holland, T. J. B. (1984). Stability relations of clino- and orthozoisite.. Progress in Experimental Petrology (N.E.R.C.), 6, 185-186.
Holland, T. J. B., & Carpenter, M. A. (1984). Order-disorder and melting in sillimanite.. Progress in Experimental Petrology (N.E.R.C.), 6, 183-185.
HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1983). THE EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITIES IN DISORDERED AND SHORT-RANGE ORDERED JADEITIC PYROXENES. CONTRIB MINERAL PETR, 82(2-3), 214-220.
ENGLAND, P. C., & HOLLAND, T. J. B. (1979). ARCHIMEDES AND THE TAUERN ECLOGITES - ROLE OF BUOYANCY IN THE PRESERVATION OF EXOTIC ECLOGITE BLOCKS. EARTH PLANET SC LETT, 44(2), 287-294.
